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Neuronal Tracing Tool Services

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Neuronal Tracing Tool Services

Neuronal Tracing Tool Services

The neuronal connectivity by different synapses forms the brain's complex activities. So developing the technology to dissect the brain circuits became urgent in neuroscience to understand the brain functions. Currently, techniques for studying brain circuits include conventional tracers and recombinant viral vectors. The conventional tracers like CTB, HRP, PHA-L, BDAs and so on, but they have some disadvantages, such as: 1) Cell specificity cannot be achieved. 2) Efficiency is not stable. 3) The circuits of the neurons at multiple step of synaptic connections cannot be realized.

However, due to the ability to efficiently enter cells and deliver a variety of gene, genetically engineered recombinant viral vectors emerged as powerful tools for visualizing neural connectivity. The commonly used neurotropic virus, such as HSV ( Herpes simplex virus type 1), VSV (Vesicular stomatitis virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus) and RABV (rabies virus) can cross synapse from one cell to another, if we provide the protein that used for replicate. In addition, there are also SFV ( mark the fine morphology of in-situ neurons) and AAV viruses(as a helper virus to express exogenous genes or as a monosynaptic tracer with serotypes 1 ) that are used for neuronal tracing.

BrainVTA could offer VSV, PRV, RABV and HSV service to promote neuronal tracing studies.

Advantages

● Fast and high efficiency
● Strong background in neuronal tracing tool
● Hypotoxicity and strong signal
●The most competitive price

Table 1: Recombinant Viral Vectors Commonly Used in Neural Circuit Tracing

Type	Virus name	Classification	Genomic type
Non-trans-synaptic	Adeno-associated virus, AAV	Parvoviridae	Single stranded DNA
	Canine adenovirus, CAV	Adenovirus	Double strands DNA
	Semliki Forest virus, SFV	Togaviridae	Single stranded RNA
	Rabies virus (Glycoprotein G-deleted), RV-ΔG	Rhabdoviridae	Single stranded RNA
	Herpes simplex virus amplicon, HSV amplicon	Herpesviridae	Double strands DNA
Trans-synaptic	Anterograde, multisynaptic	Herpes simplex virus, HSV H129	Herpesviridae	Double-stranded DNA
		Vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV	Rhabdoviridae	Single stranded RNA
		Pseudorabies virus, PRV	Herpesviridae	Double-stranded DNA
	Retrograde, multisynaptic	Rabies virus, RV WT	Rhabdoviridae	Single stranded RNA
	Retrograde, multisynaptic	Pseudorabies virus (TK-deleted), PRV-ΔTK	Herpesviridae	Double-stranded DNA
	Trans-monosynaptic	Rabies virus, RV-ΔG-EnvA	Rhabdoviridae	Single stranded RNA
Herpes simplex virus (TK-deleted), HSV-ΔTK		Herpesviridae	Double-stranded DNA
Adeno-associated virus serotype 1, AAV1		Parvoviridae	Single stranded DNA
Rabies virus, RV-ΔG-EnvA		Rhabdoviridae	Single stranded RNA

Please review Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) for more detail information.

References

Etessami R, Conzelmann KK, Fadai-Ghotbi B, Natelson B, Tsiang H, Ceccaldi PE. Spread and pathogenic characteristics of a G-deficient rabies virus recombinant: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Gen Virol. 2000 Sep;81(Pt 9):2147-53.
Osakada F, Callaway EM. Design and generation of recombinant rabies virus vectors. Nat Protoc. 2013 Aug;8(8):1583-601.
Callaway EM, Luo L. Monosynaptic Circuit Tracing with Glycoprotein-Deleted Rabies Viruses. J Neurosci. 2015 Jun 17;35(24):8979-85.

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