A monoclonal cell line is essentially generated from an original polyclonal population, but it is required to separate from the polyclonal pool in order to create a pure, monoclonal cell line that is

Denature DNA at 95°C, anneal primers at 50-65°C, extend at 72°C using Taq polymerase, repeat for 25-40 cycles. Amplifies specific DNA sequences.

Converts RNA to cDNA using reverse transcriptase, followed by PCR amplification. Used for gene expression analysis, viral detection, and quantification. Combines reverse transcription and DNA amplifi

Subretinal injection is a precise method used to deliver substances such as viral vectors, stem cells, or drugs into the subretinal space

Temporal vein injection is a technique used to deliver substances systemically via the superficial temporal vein, commonly in neonatal rodents.

Renal pelvis injection is a technique for delivering substances directly into the kidney’s collecting system.